| Mail protocols | SMTP (25 inbound, 587 submission), IMAP (143 STARTTLS, 993 TLS, with IDLE), POP3 (110, 995) |
| Groupware protocols | CalDAV (5232) with free/busy, CardDAV |
| Mail authentication | DKIM signing, verification and key rotation; SPF checking; DMARC evaluation |
| Encryption | OpenPGP, PGP/MIME, S/MIME, tenant-scoped public-key directory, encryption at rest |
| Identity | OIDC and SAML 2.0 single sign-on, SCIM 2.0 provisioning, JWT sessions, role-based access |
| Filtering | Bayesian anti-spam with training worker, header analysis, SpamAssassin client, ClamAV antivirus, Sieve-style user filters |
| Databases | PostgreSQL 16 (53 migrations), Redis 7 for queues and caching |
| Message storage | Filesystem or S3-compatible object store |
| API | 62 route modules across public, authenticated and admin tiers; separate SCIM 2.0 API |
| Multi-tenancy | Hierarchical parent/child tenants, per-tenant branding, licensing, feature and rate-limit overrides, webmail domains with SNI TLS |
| Migration sources | IMAP, mbox, Maildir, Exchange Web Services, Microsoft Graph, PST |
| Backend stack | TypeScript on Node.js (ESM), Express, Zod validation, BullMQ queues, Pino logging, WebSockets |
| Webmail stack | React 18 with Vite, Redux Toolkit, TanStack Query, Tailwind CSS |
| Deployment | Bare metal (systemd), Docker Compose, Kubernetes (Helm, HPA, PDB), cloud VMs, virtual environments, air-gapped |
| Operations | Control CLI, background workers for delivery, bounces, DKIM rotation, DLP quarantine, retention, replication and spam training |